وعن أَبِي محمد عبدِ اللَّهِ بن عمرو بنِ العاص رضي اللَّه عنهما قال : أُخْبرَ النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم أنِّي أَقُول : وَاللَّهِ لأَصومَنَّ النَّهَارَ ، ولأَقُومنَّ اللَّيْلَ ما عشْتُ ، فَقَالَ رسُول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم : «أَنْتَ الَّذِي تَقُول ذلك ؟ فَقُلْت له : قَدْ قُلتُه بأَبِي أَنْتَ وأُمِّي يا رسولَ اللَّه . قَالَ: « فَإِنكَ لا تَسْتَطِيعُ ذلِكَ ، فَصُمْ وأَفْطرْ ، ونَمْ وَقُمْ ، وَصُمْ مِنَ الشَّهْرِ ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ فَإِنَّ الْحسنَةَ بعَشْرِ أَمْثَالهَا ، وذلكَ مثْلُ صِيامٍ الدَّهْرِ قُلْت : فَإِنِّي أُطيق أفْضَلَ منْ ذلكَ قالَ : فَصمْ يَوْماً وَأَفْطرْ يَوْمَيْنِ ، قُلْت : فَإِنِّي أُطُيق أفْضَلَ مِنْ ذلكَ ، قَالَ : « فَصُم يَوْماً وَأَفْطرْ يوْماً ، فَذلكَ صِيَام دَاوود صلى الله عليه وسلم، وَهُو أَعْدَل الصِّيَامِ » . وَفي رواية : « هوَ أَفْضَلُ الصِّيامِ » فَقُلْتُ فَإِنِّي أُطِيقُ أَفْضَلَ مِنْ ذلكَ ، فقال رسول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم : « لا أَفْضَلَ منْ ذلك» وَلأنْ أَكْونَ قَبلْتُ الثَّلاثَةَ الأَيَّامِ الَّتِي قال رسولُ اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم أَحَبُّ إِليَّ منْ أَهْلِي وَمَالِى.
وفي روايةٍ : « أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّكَ تَصومُ النَّهَارَ وتَقُومُ اللَّيْلَ ؟ » قلت : بلَى يَا رسول اللَّهِ . قال : « فَلا تَفْعل : صُمْ وأَفْطرْ ، ونَمْ وقُمْ فَإِنَّ لجَسَدكَ علَيْكَ حقًّا ، وإِنَّ لعيْنَيْكَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا وَإِنَّ لزَوْجِكَ علَيْكَ حَقًّا ، وَإِنَّ لزَوْركَ عَلَيْكَ حَقًّا ، وإِنَّ بحَسْبكَ أَنْ تَصْومَ فِي كُلِّ شَهْرٍ ثَلاثَةَ أَيَّامٍ ، فَإِنَّ لَكَ بِكُلِّ حَسَنةٍ عشْرَ أَمْثَالِهَا ، فَإِذن ذلك صِيَامُ الدَّهْرِ» فشَدَّدْتُ فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيَّ ، قُلْتُ : يا رسول اللَّه إِنّي أَجِدُ قُوَّةً، قال : « صُمْ صِيَامَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ داوُدَ وَلا تَزدْ عَلَيْهِ» قلت: وما كَان صِيَامُ داودَ؟ قال : « نِصْفُ الدهْرِ » فَكَان عَبْدُ اللَّهِ يقول بعْد مَا كَبِر : يالَيْتَنِي قَبِلْتُ رُخْصةَ رسول اللَّه صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم .
وفي رواية : « أَلَمْ أُخْبَرْ أَنَّك تصُومُ الدَّهْرِ ، وَتْقَرَأُ الْقُرْآنَ كُلَّ لَيْلَة ؟ » فَقُلْتُ : بَلَى يا رسولَ اللَّهِ ، ولَمْ أُرِدْ بذلِكَ إِلاَّ الْخيْرَ ، قَالَ : « فَصُمْ صَوْمَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ داودَ ، فَإِنَّه كَانَ أَعْبَدَ النَّاسِ ، واقْرأْ الْقُرْآنَ في كُلِّ شَهْرٍ » قُلْت : يَا نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُطِيق أَفْضل مِنْ ذلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : « فَاقْرَأه فِي كُلِّ عِشرِينَ » قُلْت : يَا نبيِّ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُطِيق أَفْضَل مِنْ ذَلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : «فَاقْرَأْهُ فِي كُلِّ عَشْر » قُلْت : يَا نَبِيَّ اللَّهِ إِنِّي أُطِيق أَفْضلَ مِنْ ذلِكَ ؟ قَالَ : « فَاقْرَأْه في كُلِّ سَبْعٍ وَلاَ تَزِدْ عَلَى ذَلِكَ » فَشَدَّدْتُ فَشُدِّدَ عَلَيَّ ، وقَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم : « إِنَّكَ لاَ تَدْرِي لَعلَّكَ يَطُول بِكَ عُمُرٌ قالَ : فَصِرْت إِلَى الَّذِي قَالَ لِي النَّبِيُّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم فَلَمَّا كَبِرْتُ وَدِدْتُ أنِّي قَبِلْت رخْصَةَ نَبِيِّ اللَّهِ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم .
وفي رواية : « وَإِنَّ لوَلَدِكَ علَيْكَ حَقًّا » وفي روايةٍ : لا صَامَ من صَامَ الأَبَدَ » ثَلاثاً . وفي روايةٍ : « أَحَبُّ الصَّيَامِ إِلَى اللَّه تَعَالَى صِيَامُ دَاوُدَ ، وَأَحَبُّ الصَّلاةِ إِلَى اللَّهِ تَعَالَى صَلاةُ دَاوُدَ : كَانَ يَنَامُ نِصْفَ اللَّيلِ ، وَيَقُومُ ثُلُثَهُ ، وَيَنَامُ سُدُسَهُ ، وَكَانَ يَصُومُ يوْماً ويُفْطِرُ يَوْماً ، وَلا يَفِرُّ إِذَا لاقَى » .
وفي رواية قَالَ : أَنْكَحَنِي أَبِي امْرَأَةً ذَاتَ حسَبٍ ، وكَانَ يَتَعَاهَدُ كَنَّتهُ أي : امْرَأَة ولَدِهِ فَيسْأَلُهَا عَنْ بَعْلِهَا ، فَتَقُولُ لَهُ : نِعْمَ الرَّجْلُ مِنْ رجُل لَمْ يَطَأْ لنَا فِرَاشاً ولَمْ يُفتِّشْ لنَا كَنَفاً مُنْذُ أَتَيْنَاهُ فَلَمَّا طالَ ذَلِكَ عليه ذكَرَ ذلِكَ لِلنَّبِيِّ صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم . فقَالَ : « الْقَني به » فلَقيتُهُ بَعْدَ ذلكَ فَقَالَ : « كيفَ تَصُومُ ؟ » قُلْتُ كُلَّ يَوْم ، قَالَ : « وَكيْفَ تَخْتِم ؟ » قلتُ: كُلَّ لَيلة ، وذَكَر نَحْوَ مَا سَبَق وكَان يقْرَأُ عَلَى بعْض أَهْلِه السُّبُعَ الَّذِي يقْرؤهُ ، يعْرضُهُ مِن النَّهَارِ لِيكُون أَخفَّ علَيِهِ بِاللَّيْل ، وَإِذَا أَراد أَنْ يَتَقَوَّى أَفْطَر أَيَّاماً وَأَحصَى وصَام مِثْلَهُنَّ كَراهِيةَ أَن يتْرُك شيئاً فارقَ علَيهِ النَّبِي صَلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وسَلَّم .
كُلُّ هذِه الرِّوَايات صحيِحةٌ مُعْظَمُهَا فِي الصَّحيحيْنَ وقليلٌ منْهَا في أَحَدِهِما .
152. Ebû Muhammed Abdullah İbni Amr İbni Âs radıyallahu anhümâ şöyle dedi:
Nebî sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem’e benim şöyle dediğim haber verilmiş:
Allah’a yemin ederim ki, yaşadığım sürece gündüzleri muhakkak oruç tutup, geceleri de ibâdet ve tâatle uyanık geçireceğim. Bunun üzerine Resûlullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem bana:
– “Bunları söyleyen sen misin?” diye sordu. Ben de kendisine:
– Anam babam sana feda olsun, ya Resûlallah! Evet, ben böyle söylemiştim, dedim. Buyurdular ki:
– “Sen buna güç yetiremezsin. Hem oruç tut, hem iftar et; hem uykunu al, hem ibadet et; her aydan üç gün oruç tut; çünkü her iyiliğe on misli ecir ve sevap vardır. Bu ise bütün zamanını oruçlu geçirmek gibidir.” Bunun üzerine ben:
– Bunun daha çoğunu yapmaya gücüm yeter, dedim. Peygamber Efendimiz:
– “O halde bir gün oruç tut, iki gün tutma” buyurdu. Ben:
- Ama ben bundan daha fazlasını yapabilirim, deyince Resûl-i Ekrem:
– “Öyleyse bir gün oruç tut, bir gün tutma; bu Dâvûd aleyhisselâm’ın orucu olup, oruçların en ölçülü olanıdır” buyurdular.
Bir başka rivayette: “Bu, oruçların en faziletlisidir” şeklindedir. Ben:
- Bundan daha faziletlisine de gücüm yeter, dedim. Peygamberimiz:
– “Bundan daha faziletlisi yoktur” buyurdu.
Resûlullah sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem’in tavsiye etmiş olduğu, ayda üç gün orucu kabul etmem, bana ehlimden ve malımdan daha sevimli olacakmış.
Bir rivayete göre:
“Senin gündüzleri oruçlu, geceleri uyanık geçirdiğin bana haber verilmedi mi sanıyorsun?” buyurmuştu. Ben de:
– Elbette haber verilmiştir, yâ Resûlallah! dedim. Bunun üzerine:
– “Böyle yapma, bazı kere oruç tut, bazan tutma; gece hem uyu, hem de teheccüde kalk. Şüphesiz senin üzerinde vücudunun hakkı vardır, iki gözünün hakkı vardır, hanımının hakkı vardır, ziyaretçilerinin hakkı vardır. Şüphesiz her aydan üç gün oruç tutman sana yeter. Çünkü senin için her iyiliğin on misli karşılığı vardır; bu da bütün zamanının oruçlu olması demektir.” Abdullah der ki:
– Ben artırdıkça iş aleyhime döndü. Sonra ben:
– Yâ Resûlallah! Ben kendimde güç ve kuvvet buluyorum, dedim. Buyurdular ki:
– “O halde Allah’ın Nebisi Dâvûd’un orucunu tut, daha fazlasını yapma.”
– Dâvûd orucu nedir? diye sordum.
– “Senenin yarısını oruçlu geçirmektir” buyurdu.
Abdullah yaşlandıktan sonra:
– Keşke Allah’ın Resûlü’nün ruhsatını kabul etmiş olsaydım, der dururdu.
Bir başka rivayet şöyledir:
– “Senin bütün günleri oruçlu geçirdiğinden ve her gece Kur’an’ı okuduğundan haberdar olmadığımı mı sanıyorsun?” Bunun üzerine ben:
– Elbette haberdarsındır, yâ Resûlallah! Fakat ben bununla sadece hayra ulaşmayı diliyorum, dedim. Peygamber Efendimiz:
– “Allah’ın Nebîsi Dâvûd’un orucunu tut, çünkü o insanların en çok ibadet edeni idi. Ayda bir defa da Kur’an’ı hatmet” buyurdu.
Ben ise:
- Ya Resûlallah! Benim bundan daha fazlasına gücüm yeter, dedim. Peygamberimiz:
– “O halde yirmi günde bir hatmet” buyurdu. Ben yine:
– Ya Resûlallah! Bundan daha fazlasını yapabilirim, dedim. O:
– “Öyleyse on günde bir hatmet” buyurdu. Ben tekrar:
– Bundan daha fazlasına gücüm yeter, yâ Nebîyyallah! diye ısrar edince:
– “Şu halde yedi günde bir hatim yap, artık bunun üzerine artırma” buyurdular. Ben artırdıkça, aleyhime artırıldı. Nebî sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem bana dedi ki:
– “Şüphesiz ki sen bilmiyorsun, belki ömrün uzun olur?”
Abdullah İbni Amr der ki:
– Nebî sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem’ in bana söylediği hale döndüm. İhtiyarlayınca, onun ruhsatını kabul etmiş olmayı çok arzu ettim.
Bir başka rivayette ise şöyledir:
“Senin çocuklarının da senin üzerinde hakları vardır.”
Bir diğer rivayette:
“Bütün zamanını oruçlu geçirenin orucu yoktur.” Bu sözünü üç defa tekrarladı.
Bir diğer rivayette:
“Allah’a en sevimli olan oruç, Dâvûd aleyhisselâm’ın orucudur. Allah’a en sevimli namaz da Dâvûd aleyhisselâm’ın namazıdır. Dâvûd aleyhisselâm gecenin yarısını uyuyarak geçirir, sonra üçte birinde namaz için kalkar, altıda birinde yine uyurdu. Bir gün oruç tutar, bir gün tutmazdı. Düşmanla karşılaştığında kaçmazdı.”
Başka bir rivayet de şu şekildedir:
Abdullah şöyle demiştir:
Babam beni soyca üstün bir hanımla evlendirdi. Zaman zaman gelininin yanına gelir gider, ona beni sorarmış. O da dermiş ki:
- O ne iyi erkektir, evine geldiğimden beri yatağıma ayak basmadı, ne halde olduğumu da araştırmadı.
Vaziyet böyle devam edip gidince, babam durumu Nebî sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem’e anlatmış, Peygamberimiz:
– “Onu benimle görüştür” buyurmuş. Daha sonra ben Resûl-i Ekrem ile karşılaştım. Bana:
– “Nasıl oruç tutuyorsun?” diye sordu. Ben de:
– Her gün, dedim. Sonra:
– “Nasıl hatim yapıyorsun?” dedi. Ben:
– Her gece, diye cevap verdim.
Abdullah İbni Amr daha önce geçen konuşmalarının benzerini anlattı. O, geceleyin rahat etmek için, okuduğu Kur’an’ın yedide birini, gündüz aile fertlerinden birine okuyup dinletirdi. Güçlü ve kuvvetli olmak istediğinde, bir kaç gün oruç tutmazdı. Sonra oruç tutmadığı günleri sayar, Nebî sallallahu aleyhi ve sellem’e verdiği sözden caymış olmamak için, tutamadığı günler kadar orucu kazâ ederdi.
Buhârî, Savm 55, 56, 57, Teheccüd 7, Enbiyâ 37, Nikâh 89; Müslim, Sıyâm 181-193
'Abdullah bin 'Amr bin Al-'as (May Allah be pleased with them) reported:
The Prophet (ﷺ) was informed that I said that I would perform prayers the whole night and observe fasting every day as long as I live. Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Is it you who said this?" I said to him, "O Messenger of Allah! I ransom you with my parents, it is I who said that." Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "You will not be able to do that. Observe fast and break it; sleep and get up for prayer, and observe fast for three days during the month; for every good is multiplied ten times and that will be equal to fasting the whole year." I said, "O Messenger of Allah! I can do more than that." He said, "Observe fast one day and leave off the next two days." I said, "O Messenger of Allah! I have strength to do more than that." Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Observe fast every other day, and that is the fasting of Dawud (ﷺ) and that is the most moderate fasting".
According to another narration: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "That is the best fasting." I said, "But I am capable of doing more than this". Thereupon, Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "There is nothing better than this." 'Abdullah bin 'Amr (May Allah be pleased with them) said (when he grew old): "Had I accepted the three days (fasting during every month) as the Messenger of Allah had said, it would have been dearer to me than my family and my property".
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me, "O 'Abdullah! Have I not been informed that you observe fast during the day and offer prayer all the night." I replied, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah!" Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Don't do that. Observe fast for few days and then leave off for few days, perform prayers and also sleep at night, as your body has a right upon you, and your eyes have a right upon you; and your wife has a right upon you; your visitors have a right upon you. It is sufficient for you to observe fast three days in a month, as the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times, so it will be like fasting the whole year." I insisted (on fasting) and so I was given a hard instruction. I said, "O Messenger of Allah! I have strength." Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Observe fast like the fasting of Prophet Dawud (ﷺ); and do not fast more than that." I said: "How was the fasting of Prophet Dawud?" He (ﷺ) said, "Half of the year (i.e., he used to fast on every alternate day)."
Afterwards when 'Abdullah (May Allah be pleased with him) grew old, he used to say: "Would that I had availed myself of the concession granted to me by Messenger of Allah."
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "I have been informed that you observe fast continuously and recite (the whole of the Qur'an) every night." I said, "Messenger of Allah! It is right, but I covet thereby nothing but good," whereupon he (ﷺ) said, "Then observe fasts like the fasting of Prophet Dawud (ﷺ) as he was the most ardent worshipper of Allah; recite the Qur'an once every month." I said, "O Prophet of Allah! I am capable of doing more than that." He said, "Then recite it (the complete Qur'an) in every twenty days." I said, "O Prophet of Allah I am capable of reciting more than that." He said, "Then recite it once in every ten days." I said, "O Prophet of Allah! I am capable of reciting more than that." He said, "Then recite it once in every seven days, but not recite more than that." The Prophet of Allah also said to me, "You do not know, you may have a longer life". When I grew old I wished I had availed myself of the concession (granted to me by) the Prophet of Allah.
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The best fasting with Allah is that of (Prophet) Dawud, and the best prayer with Allah is that of Dawud (ﷺ) for he would sleep half of the night and stand for prayer for the third of it and (then) would sleep sixth part of it; he observed fast one day and leave off the other. He would not flee on meeting the enemy".
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: My father helped me marry a noble woman and he used to inquire of his daughter-in-law regarding her husband. She would say: "He is, indeed, a fine man. Since I have come to him, he has neither stepped on my bed nor he has had sexual intercourse with me". When this state of affairs lasted for some time, my father mentioned the matter to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who directed my father saying, "Send him to me". I went to him accordingly. He asked me, "How often do you observe fast?" I replied; "Daily". He asked me, "How long do you take in reading the Noble Qur'an completely." I said, "Once every night". Then he narrated the whole story. He (in his old age) would recite one seventh of his nightly recitation to some members of his family during the day to lighten his task at night. Whenever he wished to have a relief from his fast on alternate days, he would give up fasting for a few days and make up deficiency later by observing the number of fasts he had missed. He would not give up the number of fasts altogether because he did not like to abandon what he had settled with Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).
According to another narration: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "That is the best fasting." I said, "But I am capable of doing more than this". Thereupon, Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "There is nothing better than this." 'Abdullah bin 'Amr (May Allah be pleased with them) said (when he grew old): "Had I accepted the three days (fasting during every month) as the Messenger of Allah had said, it would have been dearer to me than my family and my property".
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said to me, "O 'Abdullah! Have I not been informed that you observe fast during the day and offer prayer all the night." I replied, "Yes, O Messenger of Allah!" Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Don't do that. Observe fast for few days and then leave off for few days, perform prayers and also sleep at night, as your body has a right upon you, and your eyes have a right upon you; and your wife has a right upon you; your visitors have a right upon you. It is sufficient for you to observe fast three days in a month, as the reward of good deeds is multiplied ten times, so it will be like fasting the whole year." I insisted (on fasting) and so I was given a hard instruction. I said, "O Messenger of Allah! I have strength." Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "Observe fast like the fasting of Prophet Dawud (ﷺ); and do not fast more than that." I said: "How was the fasting of Prophet Dawud?" He (ﷺ) said, "Half of the year (i.e., he used to fast on every alternate day)."
Afterwards when 'Abdullah (May Allah be pleased with him) grew old, he used to say: "Would that I had availed myself of the concession granted to me by Messenger of Allah."
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "I have been informed that you observe fast continuously and recite (the whole of the Qur'an) every night." I said, "Messenger of Allah! It is right, but I covet thereby nothing but good," whereupon he (ﷺ) said, "Then observe fasts like the fasting of Prophet Dawud (ﷺ) as he was the most ardent worshipper of Allah; recite the Qur'an once every month." I said, "O Prophet of Allah! I am capable of doing more than that." He said, "Then recite it (the complete Qur'an) in every twenty days." I said, "O Prophet of Allah I am capable of reciting more than that." He said, "Then recite it once in every ten days." I said, "O Prophet of Allah! I am capable of reciting more than that." He said, "Then recite it once in every seven days, but not recite more than that." The Prophet of Allah also said to me, "You do not know, you may have a longer life". When I grew old I wished I had availed myself of the concession (granted to me by) the Prophet of Allah.
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The best fasting with Allah is that of (Prophet) Dawud, and the best prayer with Allah is that of Dawud (ﷺ) for he would sleep half of the night and stand for prayer for the third of it and (then) would sleep sixth part of it; he observed fast one day and leave off the other. He would not flee on meeting the enemy".
In another narration 'Abdullah is reported to have said: My father helped me marry a noble woman and he used to inquire of his daughter-in-law regarding her husband. She would say: "He is, indeed, a fine man. Since I have come to him, he has neither stepped on my bed nor he has had sexual intercourse with me". When this state of affairs lasted for some time, my father mentioned the matter to Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) who directed my father saying, "Send him to me". I went to him accordingly. He asked me, "How often do you observe fast?" I replied; "Daily". He asked me, "How long do you take in reading the Noble Qur'an completely." I said, "Once every night". Then he narrated the whole story. He (in his old age) would recite one seventh of his nightly recitation to some members of his family during the day to lighten his task at night. Whenever he wished to have a relief from his fast on alternate days, he would give up fasting for a few days and make up deficiency later by observing the number of fasts he had missed. He would not give up the number of fasts altogether because he did not like to abandon what he had settled with Messenger of Allah (ﷺ).
Yorum Gönder
Not: Yalnızca bu blogun üyesi yorum gönderebilir.